Microbial fuel cell
Since the industrial revolution, has been plagued sewage treatment in developed and developing countries a major problem-Sony laptop battery, because it expensive, is only of inputs, not outputs of the industry. And new microbial fuel cell can not only purify the water, but also for power generation, the emergence of its sewage treatment is expected to become a profitable industry. Although still in the continuous improvement of the product has not yet put into commercial production, but we have every reason to believe it has broad prospects for development.
Recently, by the United States Pennsylvania State University scientists, led by Logan, a research and development team announced that they have developed a new type of microbial fuel cell can be of untreated sewage into clean water and power.
Microbial fuel cell (MicrobiologicalFuelCells) there is not just a technology. As early as 1910, the British botanist discovered for the first time Mark bits of bacteria in culture medium to produce current, therefore, he made use of platinum electrodes, put it into E. coli and general yeast culture medium-laptop battery, the successful production of a the world’s first microbial fuel cell; in 1984, the United States to create a space for use in microbial fuel cell, which fuel for the astronauts of the urine and live bacteria, but it’s a very low discharge rate; In recent years, the use of Microbial generation of technology breakthroughs have emerged more, Pennsylvania State University environmental engineering professor Bruce Logan is a new microbial fuel cell development team, he said, “the traditional is the use of hydrogen fuel cell power generation, but no one try to use organic-rich water to generate electricity. ”
A major innovation: a single slot design
Logan designed the VGP-BPS3 and hydrogen fuel cell device to be somewhat similar, is a sealed cylindrical glass tank of resin, looks like a soda bottle. And hydrogen fuel cells, however different, the microbial fuel cell is a single reaction tank, containing eight graphite anode rod, and they stick around a cathode, confined to the middle slot between proton exchange membrane. Confined to the external tank of the closed circuit composed of copper, used for electronic flow path. When water was injected into reaction tank, the bacterial enzyme to break down organic matter in sewage, in the process of releasing electrons and protons. Among them, the electronic flow of the anode, and protons through the proton exchange membrane inside the flow of anode, where oxygen and air as well as the electronic generation of clean water VGP-BPS5 combined. Thus completion of the sewage disposal. At the same time, the reaction bed is the electronic exchange between the cathode produced a voltage, so that the equipment can supply to the external circuit.
Reaction is a single slot design of microbial fuel cell innovation. Logan pointed out that most of the design of fuel cell response to the two slot-oriented — were anode and cathode slot slot, slot in the anode in order to maintain anaerobic microbial growth; cathode tank should be maintained at aerobic environment to enable electronic and oxygen combine with protons to form water molecules. And a single reaction tank in order to proton exchange membrane to link the two slot, and its function not only VGP-BPS8 in aqueous solution can be divided into two slots, but also to avoid spread to another tank of oxygen. Electrobath trough of the two, other than the force required to provide dissolved oxygen to the cathode, and a single tank of fuel cell micro-organisms can be the way to continuous injection of air into the cathode, thereby reducing the cost of oxygen equipment.
Samples will be completed six months after
In generating capacity, according to Logan said, in the laboratory, the device can generate 72 kilowatts of current, you can drive a small fan. Although the current generated by small, but the equipment is much room for improvement. Invention from the report submitted to the present, Logan’s R & D team has the fuel cell power generation capacity to 350 watts, but Logan would like this value to achieve the ultimate 500-1000 watts. Such as maturity of the technology can be mass-produced microbial fuel cell power generation capacity will be greatly improved, and Logan believes that it can generate 500 kilowatts of the stability VGP-BPS9 of current, about 300 family’s electricity consumption. Logan plans to build a large-scale microbial fuel cell sample, is expected to be completed six months later.
Application prospects
Although the device’s energy output is relatively low, but Logan said they are continually improving the technology, I believe that it can be used in small-scale sewage treatment factory. It is said that the device can also be used to deal with livestock waste water and waste plants, but also can be used in food-processing plants and even manned space inside.
Logan pointed out that as long as it is a place rich in organic matter can be the use of such Sony VGP-BPS10 battery. However, the microbial fuel cell is the best use of sewage treatment, sewage treatment plant if the use of such equipment, so they can waste water treatment side of the side of power generation, and thus greatly reduce the cost of sewage treatment. Wastewater treatment plant to maintain the normal operation is a very high cost of things. Both developing countries and industrialized countries, wastewater treatment at the same time, the new generation fuel cell technology is very attractive. According to statistics of the U.S. National Development Committee, the United States need to address each of the 33 billion gallons of domestic sewage, the treatment cost about 25 billion U.S. dollars. Most of the cost of almost all spent on the maintenance of treatment plant operation of the energy Sony PCG-R505 battery required, so that if the microbial fuel cell can reduce costs and improve efficiency of electricity generation will be a huge savings for the wastewater treatment expenses.
For the majority of serious pollution of the developing countries, this technology is particularly useful because it can not only purify the water quality, disposal of refuse, while the power generated. Separate from the power this context, the Government has sufficient reason to retain the building and a sewage treatment plant. If the technology can promote the commercialization, waste or sewage treatment will be the country’s money-spinner Sony PCG-V505 battery rather than a heavy burden.
University of Toronto is a scientist, he estimated the energy potential in wastewater is 10 times the cost of processing. Logan believes that as long as they can use the potential power of 1 / 20, a sewage treatment plant can be resolved on the cost of sewage treatment.
Microbial fuel cell can also be used to deal with food-processing plants and farms, especially pig farms in the wastewater, in the past, to deal with these unpleasant stench of sewage expensive. NASA also is developing a similar technology, manned space flight in astronauts living in the garbage into energy.
Tasted the sweetness of the use of rare earth resources, to build Ni-MH battery industrial base
Held yesterday in Zhengzhou, the National Conference on Rare Earth office came news of the application of rare earth resources in our province to promote the rapid development of nickel-hydrogen batteries, our province is making efforts to build Ni-MH Sony PCG-Z505 battery industrial base.
It is understood that the use of rare earth resources in recent years in our province, in the manufacture of permanent magnet materials, energy efficient fluorescent materials has been significant progress. Several enterprises in our province the effective use of resources, the characteristics of rare-earth, reasonable, moderate doping can improve the battery performance of anode materials are being promoted Ni-MH battery industry in our province’s rapid development.
Henan Development and Reform Commission, according to the relevant person in charge, the province will give full play to xinxiang battery industrial base better than species-wide, supporting the full advantages of nickel-hydrogen Hp PB991A battery to accelerate the construction of industrial projects, and strive to Henan Province to develop into the base Ni-MH battery industry .
It is understood that rare earth fertilizer agricultural enterprises of our province and upgrading play an important role in crop income. Since 2002, our province has more than 10 small rare earth fertilizer to achieve the production of agricultural products and fertilizer transformation.
Secretary for National Development and Reform Commission, according to industry relevant person in charge, the rare-earth resources for economic development have become increasingly obvious that the current countries as the main raw materials of rare earth permanent magnet motor development projects, energy-saving effect is very remarkable, and some Hp PB994A battery energy-saving rate of 30% It can promote the electric industry restructuring and energy conservation for the country.
11/5/09
11/4/09
Need a unified standard laptop battery
Need a unified standard laptop battery
Sony laptop battery has become the social necessities of ordinary people with laptop battery. It is precisely because of too general so that the mobile phone associated with a major anomaly was but turn a blind eye: the use of cell phones there is a huge waste of it.
And pollution - hp battery!
Each person using the phone there will be the same experience: laptop battery and charger are not common, for a cell phone, it means that a set of discarded batteries and chargers, even the same brand between different models of mobile phones is also so. According to data released by Ministry of Information Industry, the door, as at the end of October 2004, China’s mobile phone users has reached the 320 million people. Fashion phones are consumer products, upgrading the speed of a swift pace. According to each user on average every 3 years to replace the conservative frequency of a cell phone, and each is equipped with mobile phones are generally two Sony PCGA-BP1N battery and a charger, this calculation, every year there are 200 million cell phone batteries and 100 million mobile phone charger into a litter, and this number also as China’s mobile phone market growing at an astonishing speed and a corresponding rise. Not really do not know, one count surprised!
The use of modern daily life of the battery can be described as an over-abundance of small electrical appliances, from radios to electronic form, everyone is able to set out a long list. If each of the appliances with Sony PCGA-BP2NX battery and chargers for a fixed mix of “monogamy”, we might well have lived in the garbage heap of batteries. Fortunately, we are smart, uniform criteria for battery models, so there will be a 3, 5, 7, and other common electrical appliances in different grade batteries, so we in our daily lives, we just needed to clarify the electrical battery models feel at ease to use, do not have to find a store Sony PCGA-BP2NY battery brand of electrical batteries and filled with chaos around, there is no need for a throw on a set of electrical batteries and charger (if so equipped). But I do not understand: This product models of a unified standard, both for the convenience of consumers, but also to save resources and reduce environmental pollution, but also from a technical point of view there is no obstacle, why the phone will not work in front of the case?
Thought to want to go, only to find two reasons: One is to include mobile phone manufacturers, including the public’s awareness of environmental protection is generally weak in many Sony PCGA-BP2R battery manufacturers a strategic consideration, not only to save resources and protect the environment considerations, and we also used the public play a “silent majority” of any kind as long as there is no direct damage to the vital interests of their own acts or the things they share in the habit of silence, even if it has a social and public interests significant harm; the other can only be “good business sense” — the law of a cell phone with battery, charger between the “monogamy” of the mandatory tie-ins, for the cell phone is great source of profits. Just imagine, a charger million, a piece of mobile phone batteries two to three hundred dollars or even higher, selling batteries and chargers more than make money selling mobile phone, if the unified model battery standards, White lost a large piece of the lucrative the market? Of course, this business has been the driving force to defend the status quo.
Businessmen for the purpose of profit is the eternal law of the market, if not illegal, you can not blame them too. However, the norms of the law standard Sony PCGA-BP2S battery that is long overdue and some of this may be the lack of it Why? — Our government departments to develop uniform technical standards for who to blame on this issue.
The essence of a market economy through the market mechanism to achieve the social optimal allocation of resources, but the market system’s inherent flaws — “externalities” (the competitive market practices led to the negative social effects) and “free riders” (people accustomed to the enjoyment of certain public benefits system and not willing to bear the cost of it, as mentioned earlier in the cell phone battery waste and pollution to maintain silence) not season it is difficult to achieve this ideal state, which is the so-called “market failure.” Sony PCGA-BP2T battery was the problem of aggregation is “market failure” as another example. It is because of “market failure” before the need for government intervention. And this intervention the most legitimate and most effective way to intervene through legislation — the legislators to establish some kind of market activity in advance of the principles, rules or standards have forced market players to do the same in order to restrict competition “externalities” to overcome the public Sony PCGA-BP2V battery “free-rider” weaknesses. Mobile phone batteries in question, our standard legislators “late,” the.
Cell phone battery standard unified model, it is expected to be resolved through the market mechanism. I feel that unity is the standard cell phone battery cell phone manufacturers to market a great tool — if the handset manufacturers which take the lead in achieving the business models of mobile phones of all brands of generic batteries, it will certainly be favored by consumers.
Of course, if mobile phone manufacturers do not intend to do so, our government departments on a hand: as soon as possible to develop and implement a mandatory Sony PCGA-BP4V battery standard models.
Hopefully, our next-for-mobile phone, the battery will no longer have a charger 2 3 Total rubbish.
PHS Machine Card Separation of a material change in the standard battery
According to the latest news that, in the May 17 China Telecom and China Netcom in phases across the country to promote support for the separation of machine cards before the PHS handset, “separated from the phone card to test norms and technical requirements” changes have taken place in the larger . Among them, the consumers of particular importance is the battery of a change in design standards, changes in the standard battery design effectively avoids the problems brought about by, for PHS Machine Card Separation of the final maturity of significant security applications.
Experts in the relevant industry standards, PIM / SIM card is not hot-swappable, remove the PCGA-BP71 must be removable in order to PIM / SIM card, Once PIM / SIM card hot-plug operation, it is easy to lead to a non-identified cards, do not boot, auto shutdown, reboot show PIM / SIM card is not accepted, such as failure, the battery will result in the unreasonable design of the problems.
The current market, PHS detachable battery mainly by the “wiring-type” and “contact-type” composed of two batteries, a “connection” type of battery connection, the shape of “the tail of the battery,” and in the replacement of PIM card often charged when the replacement, in fact, is a “hot swap” operation, current PIM card may be burned, it would greatly reduce battery life and cell phone itself. The use of “contact” type of VGP-BPL2 and hp nx6125 battery, users need to be replaced PIM card, you must first remove the battery, so that there will be no live PIM card plug, so this type of machine card separation PHS and GSM mobile phones on the replacement of permit There is no difference.
It is learned that the operator has changed PHS Machine Card Separation test norms and technical requirements, ask the card must be separated from Little Smart “contact-style” battery; This means that all other norms do not meet all the new models are can not pass the test. Therefore, experts recommend purchasing card to pay special attention when VGP-BPS2 design.
Sony laptop battery has become the social necessities of ordinary people with laptop battery. It is precisely because of too general so that the mobile phone associated with a major anomaly was but turn a blind eye: the use of cell phones there is a huge waste of it.
And pollution - hp battery!
Each person using the phone there will be the same experience: laptop battery and charger are not common, for a cell phone, it means that a set of discarded batteries and chargers, even the same brand between different models of mobile phones is also so. According to data released by Ministry of Information Industry, the door, as at the end of October 2004, China’s mobile phone users has reached the 320 million people. Fashion phones are consumer products, upgrading the speed of a swift pace. According to each user on average every 3 years to replace the conservative frequency of a cell phone, and each is equipped with mobile phones are generally two Sony PCGA-BP1N battery and a charger, this calculation, every year there are 200 million cell phone batteries and 100 million mobile phone charger into a litter, and this number also as China’s mobile phone market growing at an astonishing speed and a corresponding rise. Not really do not know, one count surprised!
The use of modern daily life of the battery can be described as an over-abundance of small electrical appliances, from radios to electronic form, everyone is able to set out a long list. If each of the appliances with Sony PCGA-BP2NX battery and chargers for a fixed mix of “monogamy”, we might well have lived in the garbage heap of batteries. Fortunately, we are smart, uniform criteria for battery models, so there will be a 3, 5, 7, and other common electrical appliances in different grade batteries, so we in our daily lives, we just needed to clarify the electrical battery models feel at ease to use, do not have to find a store Sony PCGA-BP2NY battery brand of electrical batteries and filled with chaos around, there is no need for a throw on a set of electrical batteries and charger (if so equipped). But I do not understand: This product models of a unified standard, both for the convenience of consumers, but also to save resources and reduce environmental pollution, but also from a technical point of view there is no obstacle, why the phone will not work in front of the case?
Thought to want to go, only to find two reasons: One is to include mobile phone manufacturers, including the public’s awareness of environmental protection is generally weak in many Sony PCGA-BP2R battery manufacturers a strategic consideration, not only to save resources and protect the environment considerations, and we also used the public play a “silent majority” of any kind as long as there is no direct damage to the vital interests of their own acts or the things they share in the habit of silence, even if it has a social and public interests significant harm; the other can only be “good business sense” — the law of a cell phone with battery, charger between the “monogamy” of the mandatory tie-ins, for the cell phone is great source of profits. Just imagine, a charger million, a piece of mobile phone batteries two to three hundred dollars or even higher, selling batteries and chargers more than make money selling mobile phone, if the unified model battery standards, White lost a large piece of the lucrative the market? Of course, this business has been the driving force to defend the status quo.
Businessmen for the purpose of profit is the eternal law of the market, if not illegal, you can not blame them too. However, the norms of the law standard Sony PCGA-BP2S battery that is long overdue and some of this may be the lack of it Why? — Our government departments to develop uniform technical standards for who to blame on this issue.
The essence of a market economy through the market mechanism to achieve the social optimal allocation of resources, but the market system’s inherent flaws — “externalities” (the competitive market practices led to the negative social effects) and “free riders” (people accustomed to the enjoyment of certain public benefits system and not willing to bear the cost of it, as mentioned earlier in the cell phone battery waste and pollution to maintain silence) not season it is difficult to achieve this ideal state, which is the so-called “market failure.” Sony PCGA-BP2T battery was the problem of aggregation is “market failure” as another example. It is because of “market failure” before the need for government intervention. And this intervention the most legitimate and most effective way to intervene through legislation — the legislators to establish some kind of market activity in advance of the principles, rules or standards have forced market players to do the same in order to restrict competition “externalities” to overcome the public Sony PCGA-BP2V battery “free-rider” weaknesses. Mobile phone batteries in question, our standard legislators “late,” the.
Cell phone battery standard unified model, it is expected to be resolved through the market mechanism. I feel that unity is the standard cell phone battery cell phone manufacturers to market a great tool — if the handset manufacturers which take the lead in achieving the business models of mobile phones of all brands of generic batteries, it will certainly be favored by consumers.
Of course, if mobile phone manufacturers do not intend to do so, our government departments on a hand: as soon as possible to develop and implement a mandatory Sony PCGA-BP4V battery standard models.
Hopefully, our next-for-mobile phone, the battery will no longer have a charger 2 3 Total rubbish.
PHS Machine Card Separation of a material change in the standard battery
According to the latest news that, in the May 17 China Telecom and China Netcom in phases across the country to promote support for the separation of machine cards before the PHS handset, “separated from the phone card to test norms and technical requirements” changes have taken place in the larger . Among them, the consumers of particular importance is the battery of a change in design standards, changes in the standard battery design effectively avoids the problems brought about by, for PHS Machine Card Separation of the final maturity of significant security applications.
Experts in the relevant industry standards, PIM / SIM card is not hot-swappable, remove the PCGA-BP71 must be removable in order to PIM / SIM card, Once PIM / SIM card hot-plug operation, it is easy to lead to a non-identified cards, do not boot, auto shutdown, reboot show PIM / SIM card is not accepted, such as failure, the battery will result in the unreasonable design of the problems.
The current market, PHS detachable battery mainly by the “wiring-type” and “contact-type” composed of two batteries, a “connection” type of battery connection, the shape of “the tail of the battery,” and in the replacement of PIM card often charged when the replacement, in fact, is a “hot swap” operation, current PIM card may be burned, it would greatly reduce battery life and cell phone itself. The use of “contact” type of VGP-BPL2 and hp nx6125 battery, users need to be replaced PIM card, you must first remove the battery, so that there will be no live PIM card plug, so this type of machine card separation PHS and GSM mobile phones on the replacement of permit There is no difference.
It is learned that the operator has changed PHS Machine Card Separation test norms and technical requirements, ask the card must be separated from Little Smart “contact-style” battery; This means that all other norms do not meet all the new models are can not pass the test. Therefore, experts recommend purchasing card to pay special attention when VGP-BPS2 design.
developed a new type of power battery
developed a new type of power battery
Yesterday, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology plans to major projects, “Li-ion Toshiba Laptop Battery cathode material of lithium manganese oxide of the industrialization of technological development,” the smooth passage of the city of Science and Technology Commission acceptance. Experts said that the city’s scientific research institutions world-wide technical problems to overcome in one fell swoop, in the new type of lithium laptop battery to achieve a major breakthrough in the development, in order to speed up the development of Beijing to ease the atmosphere of tension and energy issues in urgent need of environmental degradation of the electric vehicle battery to provide the technical support.
It is reported that the project is the city of Science and Technology Commission on the project in October 2002 and three million yuan in support of UNITA by CITIC Technology Co., Ltd. Solid-Lee power to implement major projects. More than two years, the project unit in addition to breakthroughs in the world to assume a key technical challenges, developed a new type of lithium-ion Toshiba PA3098U-1BRS Battery key materials required for the synthesis of lithium manganese oxide of new technology, also developed a new large-capacity lithium-ion battery power and electric buses in the Olympic Games Test vehicle operation to complete the car, continuing to run more than 10,000 miles kilometers battery in good working order.
The city has developed a new type of lithium battery — Lithium Manganese battery, is recognized as the most practical electric vehicle Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS Battery power. It is, at present, many domestic users, as well as South Korea, France, the United States a number of companies have begun to trial the products of the project.
“Lithium Manganese” yesterday battery power through the acceptance of 0.68 degrees per kilometer
Electric buses on the road is expected to
Zhi-Bin Hu said Beijing photographic look like powder with the same “black magic” of lithium manganese oxide made large-capacity Toshiba PA3166U-1BRS Battery, mounted on a modified “big public”, the breath will be able to run 220 kilometers, while the per kilometer only 0.68 degrees consumption … … Yesterday morning at the Beijing Science and Technology Commission, “lithium ion battery lithium manganese oxide cathode materials for the industrialization of technological development” project acceptance at the meeting, vice mayor of Beijing Fan Boyuan said the first batch of 30 electric city bus, this month is expected to be issued by Toshiba PA3191U-1BRS Battery National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Public Security license. Next year, Beijing is expected to have 200 electric buses put into use.
Magic “black” security money
Looked at the hands of a staff want to “black” Lithium manganese, it is difficult to imagine it with the volume of production of lithium manganese battery acid than the traditional three times the capacity of lead-acid Toshiba PA3285U-1BRS Battery. “Although mobile phones, digital products, the use of cobalt and manganese lithium battery Lithium battery performance almost, but better than manganese lithium batteries several times the price.” Commitment to the issue of UNITA solid profit technology research and new materials Anping, vice president of hospital told reporters that with this kind of “black magic” in addition to the production of large capacity battery and low-loss, low prices, but also very safe.
The need for transformation of electric buses 500,000 yuan
“Like the appearance of the same standard set by the volume, but left one less car exhaust pipe.” Yesterday, the reporters in Lee solid UNITA Institute of new Toshiba PA3384U-1BRS Battery materials technology has seen a transformation of the electric bus. According to the driver, the bus driver this system has been completely replaced by the motor was originally used to store baggage car “belly” full of batteries. “Although it is more than you, but only 4-5 hours can be filled, and if in accordance with the rated load, full time electricity can travel around 220 kilometers.” It is understood that the car has a top speed of 120 km / h, 0-60 km / h acceleration in less than 26 seconds. A total of 108 of its battery power with the needs of 77 degrees, less wear and tear only 0.68 per kilometer driven degrees. “Toshiba PA3383U-1BRS Battery life for each group of about 200,000 kilometers, so even if the transformation of the cost of electric vehicles with 500,000 yuan, almost the same miles and running cost of the fuel car fairly.”
Electrical products can not enter the public short-term family
Apart from the electrical bus, the AU’s solid profit in the Technology Research Institute of new materials have also seen the electric motorcycle, electric bike or electric van. “However, apart from public transport to a unified solution by the Government, the development of electric vehicles to the private sector would still take some time.” Ping, vice president, said battery electric bicycle can be demolished, but the larger motorcycle, Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS Battery you need to charge a fixed supporting infrastructure, “this context the need for government funding and venue support, on the one hand, also need to increase the environmental awareness of the public.”
Electric vehicles do not directly use the fuel, including pure battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, three broad categories. Study of electric vehicles in Beijing has been included in dozens of major technology projects Toshiba PA2487U Battery. Currently, Beijing has developed electric luxury tourist buses, electric low-floor buses, quasi-electric low-floor buses, such as pure electric bus electric bus 4. “By 2008 we have strived to 1000 run electric buses on the road in Beijing.”
Yesterday, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology plans to major projects, “Li-ion Toshiba Laptop Battery cathode material of lithium manganese oxide of the industrialization of technological development,” the smooth passage of the city of Science and Technology Commission acceptance. Experts said that the city’s scientific research institutions world-wide technical problems to overcome in one fell swoop, in the new type of lithium laptop battery to achieve a major breakthrough in the development, in order to speed up the development of Beijing to ease the atmosphere of tension and energy issues in urgent need of environmental degradation of the electric vehicle battery to provide the technical support.
It is reported that the project is the city of Science and Technology Commission on the project in October 2002 and three million yuan in support of UNITA by CITIC Technology Co., Ltd. Solid-Lee power to implement major projects. More than two years, the project unit in addition to breakthroughs in the world to assume a key technical challenges, developed a new type of lithium-ion Toshiba PA3098U-1BRS Battery key materials required for the synthesis of lithium manganese oxide of new technology, also developed a new large-capacity lithium-ion battery power and electric buses in the Olympic Games Test vehicle operation to complete the car, continuing to run more than 10,000 miles kilometers battery in good working order.
The city has developed a new type of lithium battery — Lithium Manganese battery, is recognized as the most practical electric vehicle Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS Battery power. It is, at present, many domestic users, as well as South Korea, France, the United States a number of companies have begun to trial the products of the project.
“Lithium Manganese” yesterday battery power through the acceptance of 0.68 degrees per kilometer
Electric buses on the road is expected to
Zhi-Bin Hu said Beijing photographic look like powder with the same “black magic” of lithium manganese oxide made large-capacity Toshiba PA3166U-1BRS Battery, mounted on a modified “big public”, the breath will be able to run 220 kilometers, while the per kilometer only 0.68 degrees consumption … … Yesterday morning at the Beijing Science and Technology Commission, “lithium ion battery lithium manganese oxide cathode materials for the industrialization of technological development” project acceptance at the meeting, vice mayor of Beijing Fan Boyuan said the first batch of 30 electric city bus, this month is expected to be issued by Toshiba PA3191U-1BRS Battery National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Public Security license. Next year, Beijing is expected to have 200 electric buses put into use.
Magic “black” security money
Looked at the hands of a staff want to “black” Lithium manganese, it is difficult to imagine it with the volume of production of lithium manganese battery acid than the traditional three times the capacity of lead-acid Toshiba PA3285U-1BRS Battery. “Although mobile phones, digital products, the use of cobalt and manganese lithium battery Lithium battery performance almost, but better than manganese lithium batteries several times the price.” Commitment to the issue of UNITA solid profit technology research and new materials Anping, vice president of hospital told reporters that with this kind of “black magic” in addition to the production of large capacity battery and low-loss, low prices, but also very safe.
The need for transformation of electric buses 500,000 yuan
“Like the appearance of the same standard set by the volume, but left one less car exhaust pipe.” Yesterday, the reporters in Lee solid UNITA Institute of new Toshiba PA3384U-1BRS Battery materials technology has seen a transformation of the electric bus. According to the driver, the bus driver this system has been completely replaced by the motor was originally used to store baggage car “belly” full of batteries. “Although it is more than you, but only 4-5 hours can be filled, and if in accordance with the rated load, full time electricity can travel around 220 kilometers.” It is understood that the car has a top speed of 120 km / h, 0-60 km / h acceleration in less than 26 seconds. A total of 108 of its battery power with the needs of 77 degrees, less wear and tear only 0.68 per kilometer driven degrees. “Toshiba PA3383U-1BRS Battery life for each group of about 200,000 kilometers, so even if the transformation of the cost of electric vehicles with 500,000 yuan, almost the same miles and running cost of the fuel car fairly.”
Electrical products can not enter the public short-term family
Apart from the electrical bus, the AU’s solid profit in the Technology Research Institute of new materials have also seen the electric motorcycle, electric bike or electric van. “However, apart from public transport to a unified solution by the Government, the development of electric vehicles to the private sector would still take some time.” Ping, vice president, said battery electric bicycle can be demolished, but the larger motorcycle, Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS Battery you need to charge a fixed supporting infrastructure, “this context the need for government funding and venue support, on the one hand, also need to increase the environmental awareness of the public.”
Electric vehicles do not directly use the fuel, including pure battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, three broad categories. Study of electric vehicles in Beijing has been included in dozens of major technology projects Toshiba PA2487U Battery. Currently, Beijing has developed electric luxury tourist buses, electric low-floor buses, quasi-electric low-floor buses, such as pure electric bus electric bus 4. “By 2008 we have strived to 1000 run electric buses on the road in Beijing.”
11/1/09
Solar power, how high the threshold
Solar power, how high the threshold
Experts predict Toshiba Laptop Battery that the next 20 to 30 years, the global energy mix will be a fundamental change in the 50s of this century, new energy and renewable energy will account for the entire energy constitutes 50%. Solar energy as a great potential for development of new and renewable sources of energy has long been a concern all over the world, China has also done a lot of research, it is regrettable Laptop Battery that many years later, solar power seems to have been in people’s is a concept of distance and symbols, you can feel better but it shall not close, then the threshold of solar, how high, delays in the industrialization of disease in the end there, this new energy, one of the protagonists Ho gorgeous debut when are people want to solve the… …
How much solar energy
Under the authority of the world’s energy analysis, the world has proven a major fossil fuel reserves and production can not be optimistic about the world. Length of remaining recoverable oil is only 41 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 40.5%; number of years of remaining recoverable natural gas 61.9 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 24.10%; number of years remaining recoverable coal 230 years, their share of world total energy consumption by 25.2%; number of years remaining recoverable uranium 73 years, their share of Toshiba Satellite A100 Battery world total energy consumption by 7.6%; other hydraulic their share of world total energy consumption of 2.6%.
Traditional fuel energy is being reduced day by day, energy issues can not be ignored have become global issues. Search for new energy sources, has become a top priority. They soon focused its attention on the people around us in the renewable energy, wind energy, solar, geothermal, biomass power generation … … the new alternative to traditional energy sources have become new targets one-time energy. Wealth of daily solar radiation is inexhaustible and pollution-free, low-cost, free use of human energy and vision to become the first Toshiba Satellite A10 Battery to incorporate the best choice for people. Solar energy per second to reach the ground up to 800,000 kilowatts of energy, if the Earth’s surface to 0.1% of solar energy, change rate of 5 percent, generating an annual output of about 5.6 × 1012 kilowatt hours and the equivalent of the world’s energy consumption about 40 times. Our country is rich in solar energy resources in the world. Desert area of China has 1.08 million square kilometers, mainly distributed in the light of the northwest region is rich in resources. 1 sq km area that can be installed 100 megawatts of photovoltaic arrays, generating 150 million a year degrees; 1 percent if the development and utilization of desert, you can issue the equivalent of China’s electricity consumption throughout the year in 2003. At present, China’s northern, coastal, and many other areas Toshiba Portege 4000 Battery, the volume of annual sunshine hours in 2000, Hainan is reached more than 2400 hours, the solar energy resources to name but a few large countries.
Such a huge energy reserves, we have developed is the situation be?
China’s solar energy industry into the environmental protection industry processing plants abroad
Solar cells can convert solar energy into DC energy, the production of solar PV industry chain is the most crucial aspect. The world’s most widely used solar cells are crystalline silicon solar cells, crystalline silicon solar cells production of raw materials - high-purity polysilicon has a severe shortage in our country, the vast majority of the need to rely on imports. According to experts in the Chinese Academy of Engineering survey, in 2005 the demand for China’s polysilicon for 3800 tons, of which the demand for photovoltaic industry 2691 tons, while in 2004 the output of polycrystalline silicon in China only 60 tons, even if all the supply of photovoltaic industry, but also only 2.6% of market demand, and the rest can only rely on imports. To form the photovoltaic industry in China well-known “two out” phenomenon: the raw materials for more than Toshiba PA3591U-1BRS Battery dependence on imports, exports more than九成. The reason is that the face of high cost of solar cells, temporarily unfit for wider use of home. Caused by the direct cause of this phenomenon is that technology can not keep up, raw material control.
Solar PV cells manufacturing chain as follows: quartz sand - polysilicon - cut into a silicon (or into a monocrystalline silicon) - batteries and battery components (individual cells can not generate electricity), then components portfolio, and finally installed in projects for electricity generation. Product monopoly of transnational corporations, it is polysilicon. Seven companies around the world, controlled almost all the high-purity Toshiba PA3506U-1BRS Battery polysilicon sales and manufacturing, they do not cooperate, or joint ventures, technology is completely closed.
In fact, the upstream poly-silicon raw material quartz sand is no shortage in our country. Polysilicon many overseas companies are direct procurement from China. However, Chinese enterprises for the silicon purification technology, has been the lack of progress. The’90s, there were more than 40 companies in the study of small poly-silicon technology, but is not a company can take on large-scale production of polysilicon. Technology can not break through the bottleneck, there will be others to complete, so even if there are no raw materials, technology, and can only be a low-cost processing of foreign environmental protection Toshiba PA3291U-1BRS Battery industry. Thus led to the solar industry, I have been hesitant. Solar power generation cost and the cost of traditional coal-fired power generation than the current purchase price of solar power is about 3.5 yuan / kilowatt-hour, there are the ordinary generating units of the purchase price, about 10 times the cost is so high dell inspiron b120 battery,dell inspiron b130 battery, it is clear there is no universal possible, so we have no alternative but to enjoy the warm sunshine at the same time, watching a lot of energy in the close loss, but could do nothing about it!
Number of legs to walk, to find a new way out Toshiba PA3356U-1BRS Battery, for China’s solar power generation
In order to make solar power closer to the people at an early date, the domestic research institutions have done a lot of work. Recently, the Japan Science and Technology Agency to take the lead, China, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Aerospace Technology Foundation, Toshiba and Tohoku University in Japan to participate in solar power generation solar thermal compound system will continue to conduct joint development and will be the beginning of April this year in China’s desert area in Inner Mongolia for a model test the durability of the year, and gradually moved to Toshiba PA3250U-1BRS Battery one run. Solar thermal power generation system is a composite of visible light and ordinary use of solar energy systems useless or harmful infra-red system for the new generation. The system through a special lens to gather sunlight for the visible separation of light and infrared, visible light, after reflection of solar cells for small, infrared, through the special lens used in electric power generation module. At the same time as a result of the use of the visible and infrared sources of energy, power generation efficiency of existing solar-powered 2-fold. In addition, the system can also use waste heat to provide hot water, solar energy utilization rate reached 65%. Because there is no removable parts, is a maintenance-free power generation methods, applicable to the desert area. The system to support the western region as the “bright work” part of China’s western region will be 23 million families with a lack of electricity Toshiba PA3395U-1BRS Battery power.
There are news in recent days, China University of Technology developed a new type of Tingri mirror, can effectively track the sun’s rotation, which makes use of solar power generation than coal-fired electricity generation is expected to lower internal cost. This mirror mirror Tingri to any position of the incident sunlight, can be effectively eliminated by the mirror caused by deficiencies in the design of Toshiba PA3399U-1BRS Battery aberration that can effectively track the sun’s rotation, the control system can usually Tingri by the mirror reduced to only two-dimensional control required for one-dimensional control. Condenser as a result of the cost of solar energy a significant reduction in the human will be more than the coal-house low-cost electricity.
It can be seen that through the efforts of solar power generation in China is not tight in the power of a new energy concept of speculation over the years not only done the protagonist of the situation debut will be the past, solar energy as the most potential and most resource-rich new renewable energy inspiron e1405 battery,dell inspiron e1505 battery, its large number of days used in power generation Toshiba PA3084U-1BRS Battery will not tell us to wait very long!
Experts predict Toshiba Laptop Battery that the next 20 to 30 years, the global energy mix will be a fundamental change in the 50s of this century, new energy and renewable energy will account for the entire energy constitutes 50%. Solar energy as a great potential for development of new and renewable sources of energy has long been a concern all over the world, China has also done a lot of research, it is regrettable Laptop Battery that many years later, solar power seems to have been in people’s is a concept of distance and symbols, you can feel better but it shall not close, then the threshold of solar, how high, delays in the industrialization of disease in the end there, this new energy, one of the protagonists Ho gorgeous debut when are people want to solve the… …
How much solar energy
Under the authority of the world’s energy analysis, the world has proven a major fossil fuel reserves and production can not be optimistic about the world. Length of remaining recoverable oil is only 41 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 40.5%; number of years of remaining recoverable natural gas 61.9 years, their share of world total energy consumption of 24.10%; number of years remaining recoverable coal 230 years, their share of world total energy consumption by 25.2%; number of years remaining recoverable uranium 73 years, their share of Toshiba Satellite A100 Battery world total energy consumption by 7.6%; other hydraulic their share of world total energy consumption of 2.6%.
Traditional fuel energy is being reduced day by day, energy issues can not be ignored have become global issues. Search for new energy sources, has become a top priority. They soon focused its attention on the people around us in the renewable energy, wind energy, solar, geothermal, biomass power generation … … the new alternative to traditional energy sources have become new targets one-time energy. Wealth of daily solar radiation is inexhaustible and pollution-free, low-cost, free use of human energy and vision to become the first Toshiba Satellite A10 Battery to incorporate the best choice for people. Solar energy per second to reach the ground up to 800,000 kilowatts of energy, if the Earth’s surface to 0.1% of solar energy, change rate of 5 percent, generating an annual output of about 5.6 × 1012 kilowatt hours and the equivalent of the world’s energy consumption about 40 times. Our country is rich in solar energy resources in the world. Desert area of China has 1.08 million square kilometers, mainly distributed in the light of the northwest region is rich in resources. 1 sq km area that can be installed 100 megawatts of photovoltaic arrays, generating 150 million a year degrees; 1 percent if the development and utilization of desert, you can issue the equivalent of China’s electricity consumption throughout the year in 2003. At present, China’s northern, coastal, and many other areas Toshiba Portege 4000 Battery, the volume of annual sunshine hours in 2000, Hainan is reached more than 2400 hours, the solar energy resources to name but a few large countries.
Such a huge energy reserves, we have developed is the situation be?
China’s solar energy industry into the environmental protection industry processing plants abroad
Solar cells can convert solar energy into DC energy, the production of solar PV industry chain is the most crucial aspect. The world’s most widely used solar cells are crystalline silicon solar cells, crystalline silicon solar cells production of raw materials - high-purity polysilicon has a severe shortage in our country, the vast majority of the need to rely on imports. According to experts in the Chinese Academy of Engineering survey, in 2005 the demand for China’s polysilicon for 3800 tons, of which the demand for photovoltaic industry 2691 tons, while in 2004 the output of polycrystalline silicon in China only 60 tons, even if all the supply of photovoltaic industry, but also only 2.6% of market demand, and the rest can only rely on imports. To form the photovoltaic industry in China well-known “two out” phenomenon: the raw materials for more than Toshiba PA3591U-1BRS Battery dependence on imports, exports more than九成. The reason is that the face of high cost of solar cells, temporarily unfit for wider use of home. Caused by the direct cause of this phenomenon is that technology can not keep up, raw material control.
Solar PV cells manufacturing chain as follows: quartz sand - polysilicon - cut into a silicon (or into a monocrystalline silicon) - batteries and battery components (individual cells can not generate electricity), then components portfolio, and finally installed in projects for electricity generation. Product monopoly of transnational corporations, it is polysilicon. Seven companies around the world, controlled almost all the high-purity Toshiba PA3506U-1BRS Battery polysilicon sales and manufacturing, they do not cooperate, or joint ventures, technology is completely closed.
In fact, the upstream poly-silicon raw material quartz sand is no shortage in our country. Polysilicon many overseas companies are direct procurement from China. However, Chinese enterprises for the silicon purification technology, has been the lack of progress. The’90s, there were more than 40 companies in the study of small poly-silicon technology, but is not a company can take on large-scale production of polysilicon. Technology can not break through the bottleneck, there will be others to complete, so even if there are no raw materials, technology, and can only be a low-cost processing of foreign environmental protection Toshiba PA3291U-1BRS Battery industry. Thus led to the solar industry, I have been hesitant. Solar power generation cost and the cost of traditional coal-fired power generation than the current purchase price of solar power is about 3.5 yuan / kilowatt-hour, there are the ordinary generating units of the purchase price, about 10 times the cost is so high dell inspiron b120 battery,dell inspiron b130 battery, it is clear there is no universal possible, so we have no alternative but to enjoy the warm sunshine at the same time, watching a lot of energy in the close loss, but could do nothing about it!
Number of legs to walk, to find a new way out Toshiba PA3356U-1BRS Battery, for China’s solar power generation
In order to make solar power closer to the people at an early date, the domestic research institutions have done a lot of work. Recently, the Japan Science and Technology Agency to take the lead, China, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Aerospace Technology Foundation, Toshiba and Tohoku University in Japan to participate in solar power generation solar thermal compound system will continue to conduct joint development and will be the beginning of April this year in China’s desert area in Inner Mongolia for a model test the durability of the year, and gradually moved to Toshiba PA3250U-1BRS Battery one run. Solar thermal power generation system is a composite of visible light and ordinary use of solar energy systems useless or harmful infra-red system for the new generation. The system through a special lens to gather sunlight for the visible separation of light and infrared, visible light, after reflection of solar cells for small, infrared, through the special lens used in electric power generation module. At the same time as a result of the use of the visible and infrared sources of energy, power generation efficiency of existing solar-powered 2-fold. In addition, the system can also use waste heat to provide hot water, solar energy utilization rate reached 65%. Because there is no removable parts, is a maintenance-free power generation methods, applicable to the desert area. The system to support the western region as the “bright work” part of China’s western region will be 23 million families with a lack of electricity Toshiba PA3395U-1BRS Battery power.
There are news in recent days, China University of Technology developed a new type of Tingri mirror, can effectively track the sun’s rotation, which makes use of solar power generation than coal-fired electricity generation is expected to lower internal cost. This mirror mirror Tingri to any position of the incident sunlight, can be effectively eliminated by the mirror caused by deficiencies in the design of Toshiba PA3399U-1BRS Battery aberration that can effectively track the sun’s rotation, the control system can usually Tingri by the mirror reduced to only two-dimensional control required for one-dimensional control. Condenser as a result of the cost of solar energy a significant reduction in the human will be more than the coal-house low-cost electricity.
It can be seen that through the efforts of solar power generation in China is not tight in the power of a new energy concept of speculation over the years not only done the protagonist of the situation debut will be the past, solar energy as the most potential and most resource-rich new renewable energy inspiron e1405 battery,dell inspiron e1505 battery, its large number of days used in power generation Toshiba PA3084U-1BRS Battery will not tell us to wait very long!
Development of solar energy industry abroad
Development of solar energy industry abroad
Germany: Bavaria, will build a large-scale solar power generation Toshiba Laptop Battery market
Solar power generation technology in the forefront of the highest in the world Germany, in the Franconia region of Bavaria Stein Arne completed the large-scale solar power generation market, and its 12.4-megawatt power generation, 3500 at the same time meet the electricity needs of the family.
The solar field covers an area of 77 Laptop Battery hectares, will have 1,500 sets of solar power installations. It consists of two private joint planning, after the completion of power generation is currently the world’s largest 5-megawatt wind power stations more than doubled. The two companies plan to complete the purchase through private means to build the market to raise 75 million euros required. Sets of individuals to purchase solar power installations need to invest € 14,400. According to the survey, which raise funds to build new solar power generation market in Germany means there are broad prospects for development.
Production of renewable energy Toshiba Satellite 2100 Battery resources of modern science and technology has been popular in Germany. German Ministry for the Environment commissioned the market research institute Forsa was conducted early in May 2005 survey indicated that almost 62% of Germans think that we should increase the renewable energy input. The majority of the respondents supported the use of wind power, and endorses the efforts in the next 20-25 years. The use of offshore wind power plants to meet 15 percent of the country’s electricity demand.
In the next 20 years to 30 years, solar energy will be another significant source of energy for development. The survey also showed that 85% of the German people to solar energy as alternatives to the traditional Toshiba Satellite A65 Battery ideal.
Japan: Government to sell its power generation but also
In 1973 the first oil crisis broke out in Japan had a major impact, the oil crisis put an end to Japan’s era of rapid economic growth. Since then, the Japanese government to promote energy conservation, strengthening of new energy development, energy relaxation of restrictions on developing new energy, using solar, wind, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, such as superconducting can. Japan is seeking more than strong point of view, a full range of energy security, through these efforts Toshiba Satellite A60-662 Battery to protect the environment, to build a new level of sustainable development. In alternative energy and energy-saving technology R & D, Japan willing to invest effort to ensure that the commanding heights of the future energy technologies, the introduction of the “New Sunshine Plan”, an annual allocation of more than 570 billion yen in research of renewable energy technologies, energy transportation and storage technologies.
In Japan, solar power is very popular. In the family, the popularity of solar power is that the cost of the Toshiba Satellite 1900 Battery difficulties is very high. The purchase of solar power devices than the electricity cost can be cost-effective is the key, which is impossible in the past. Solar power plant at the time it is very difficult to sell because selling a small number, it is not a large-scale production.
Now, families to buy such a device, half the cost of subsidies by the Government, so now more and more sold, the price also decreased. It is understood that 10 years ago, Japan 3 kilowatts of power generation equipment, the price is about ￥ 6,000,000, which is probably enough to pay the electricity for Toshiba Tecra 9100 Battery decades, and now the market price to reduce by half. Converted into yuan, 400,000 yuan dropped from about 20 million.
In Japan the use of solar power generation devices have a unique advantage: during the day and not electricity, but electricity sold to power companies or the government, which has also been actively acquired, so that income can be used to offset part of the tariff. According to statistics we can see an interesting situation - in the popularity of the solar power device family, instead of saving to do Toshiba Tecra 9000 Battery better work.
After years of painstaking efforts, Japan has become the world’s highest energy efficiency one of the countries (the United States, 2.75 times). Japan, the world’s leading solar energy technology in 2002, Japan’s solar power generation accounts for 46% of the global total.
Korea: in 2006 will build the world’s largest solar power plant
South Korea Jeollanam-do government has said they will be in April in conjunction with the U.S. latitude d410 battery,dell latitude d420 battery,dell latitude d430 battery company building the world’s largest solar power plant, generating Toshiba Tecra 8100 Battery 17 megawatts per hour.
Generating capacity of the plant far more than an hour in Germany with the type of 5-megawatt power plant generating capacity, is currently the world’s largest solar power plant.
Earlier, South Jeolla Province government and the U.S. wholly-owned Kore Group in a project agreement, the project injected 150 million U.S. dollars of foreign capital.
The agreement is based on regional governments and the United States in 2004 a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on the Korean Peninsula building solar power plants in the city of Mokpo. Kore Group MOU explicitly provide funding for the project and implementation Toshiba Tecra 8000 Battery supervision.
Israel: the development of legislation to promote solar energy
As we all know, Israel is a sufficient sunshine, solar energy resources in countries with better conditions, the use of technology in solar energy research and development, not only by government departments, research institutions and enterprises attach great importance to and at the same time, but also with the United States, Europe, Australia countries and regions in a wide range of cooperative relations, so that Israel in this field has been in the ranks of the world’s Toshiba Satellite A75 Battery leading.
An area of 1000 acres, generating power for 500,000 kilowatts of the world’s largest solar power plant will be in Israel’s southern Negev desert in the building. The solar power plants will reach a power-generating capacity 100,000 kilowatts by 2012 when the project is completed, power generation capacity will reach 500,000 kilowatts of electricity to the national electricity production accounts for about 5%. A long time, Israel has been the emphasis on solar energy technology research and development, domestic well-known research institutions in the field of solar energy technology has achieved many important results, so that Israel in the development and use of solar energy technologies to maintain the level of the world’s leading. However, due to the high cost of solar power, Israel has greatly restricted the development and utilization of solar energy. The power station was Israel’s first solar power station.
Israel’s lack of conventional energy sources is the Toshiba Satellite A70 Battery only civilian in the law must install solar water heaters countries, Israel, therefore, solar water heater up to 90% penetration, per capita use of solar water heater area of the world.
Germany: Bavaria, will build a large-scale solar power generation Toshiba Laptop Battery market
Solar power generation technology in the forefront of the highest in the world Germany, in the Franconia region of Bavaria Stein Arne completed the large-scale solar power generation market, and its 12.4-megawatt power generation, 3500 at the same time meet the electricity needs of the family.
The solar field covers an area of 77 Laptop Battery hectares, will have 1,500 sets of solar power installations. It consists of two private joint planning, after the completion of power generation is currently the world’s largest 5-megawatt wind power stations more than doubled. The two companies plan to complete the purchase through private means to build the market to raise 75 million euros required. Sets of individuals to purchase solar power installations need to invest € 14,400. According to the survey, which raise funds to build new solar power generation market in Germany means there are broad prospects for development.
Production of renewable energy Toshiba Satellite 2100 Battery resources of modern science and technology has been popular in Germany. German Ministry for the Environment commissioned the market research institute Forsa was conducted early in May 2005 survey indicated that almost 62% of Germans think that we should increase the renewable energy input. The majority of the respondents supported the use of wind power, and endorses the efforts in the next 20-25 years. The use of offshore wind power plants to meet 15 percent of the country’s electricity demand.
In the next 20 years to 30 years, solar energy will be another significant source of energy for development. The survey also showed that 85% of the German people to solar energy as alternatives to the traditional Toshiba Satellite A65 Battery ideal.
Japan: Government to sell its power generation but also
In 1973 the first oil crisis broke out in Japan had a major impact, the oil crisis put an end to Japan’s era of rapid economic growth. Since then, the Japanese government to promote energy conservation, strengthening of new energy development, energy relaxation of restrictions on developing new energy, using solar, wind, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, such as superconducting can. Japan is seeking more than strong point of view, a full range of energy security, through these efforts Toshiba Satellite A60-662 Battery to protect the environment, to build a new level of sustainable development. In alternative energy and energy-saving technology R & D, Japan willing to invest effort to ensure that the commanding heights of the future energy technologies, the introduction of the “New Sunshine Plan”, an annual allocation of more than 570 billion yen in research of renewable energy technologies, energy transportation and storage technologies.
In Japan, solar power is very popular. In the family, the popularity of solar power is that the cost of the Toshiba Satellite 1900 Battery difficulties is very high. The purchase of solar power devices than the electricity cost can be cost-effective is the key, which is impossible in the past. Solar power plant at the time it is very difficult to sell because selling a small number, it is not a large-scale production.
Now, families to buy such a device, half the cost of subsidies by the Government, so now more and more sold, the price also decreased. It is understood that 10 years ago, Japan 3 kilowatts of power generation equipment, the price is about ￥ 6,000,000, which is probably enough to pay the electricity for Toshiba Tecra 9100 Battery decades, and now the market price to reduce by half. Converted into yuan, 400,000 yuan dropped from about 20 million.
In Japan the use of solar power generation devices have a unique advantage: during the day and not electricity, but electricity sold to power companies or the government, which has also been actively acquired, so that income can be used to offset part of the tariff. According to statistics we can see an interesting situation - in the popularity of the solar power device family, instead of saving to do Toshiba Tecra 9000 Battery better work.
After years of painstaking efforts, Japan has become the world’s highest energy efficiency one of the countries (the United States, 2.75 times). Japan, the world’s leading solar energy technology in 2002, Japan’s solar power generation accounts for 46% of the global total.
Korea: in 2006 will build the world’s largest solar power plant
South Korea Jeollanam-do government has said they will be in April in conjunction with the U.S. latitude d410 battery,dell latitude d420 battery,dell latitude d430 battery company building the world’s largest solar power plant, generating Toshiba Tecra 8100 Battery 17 megawatts per hour.
Generating capacity of the plant far more than an hour in Germany with the type of 5-megawatt power plant generating capacity, is currently the world’s largest solar power plant.
Earlier, South Jeolla Province government and the U.S. wholly-owned Kore Group in a project agreement, the project injected 150 million U.S. dollars of foreign capital.
The agreement is based on regional governments and the United States in 2004 a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on the Korean Peninsula building solar power plants in the city of Mokpo. Kore Group MOU explicitly provide funding for the project and implementation Toshiba Tecra 8000 Battery supervision.
Israel: the development of legislation to promote solar energy
As we all know, Israel is a sufficient sunshine, solar energy resources in countries with better conditions, the use of technology in solar energy research and development, not only by government departments, research institutions and enterprises attach great importance to and at the same time, but also with the United States, Europe, Australia countries and regions in a wide range of cooperative relations, so that Israel in this field has been in the ranks of the world’s Toshiba Satellite A75 Battery leading.
An area of 1000 acres, generating power for 500,000 kilowatts of the world’s largest solar power plant will be in Israel’s southern Negev desert in the building. The solar power plants will reach a power-generating capacity 100,000 kilowatts by 2012 when the project is completed, power generation capacity will reach 500,000 kilowatts of electricity to the national electricity production accounts for about 5%. A long time, Israel has been the emphasis on solar energy technology research and development, domestic well-known research institutions in the field of solar energy technology has achieved many important results, so that Israel in the development and use of solar energy technologies to maintain the level of the world’s leading. However, due to the high cost of solar power, Israel has greatly restricted the development and utilization of solar energy. The power station was Israel’s first solar power station.
Israel’s lack of conventional energy sources is the Toshiba Satellite A70 Battery only civilian in the law must install solar water heaters countries, Israel, therefore, solar water heater up to 90% penetration, per capita use of solar water heater area of the world.
10/31/09
Ni-MH battery is in favor when the new rules is made
July 1, the “new energy automotive and IBM ThinkPad T41 Battery product manufacturers access management rules” (hereinafter referred to as “Rules”) into effect. The release of “rules” of the new energy automotive products broken down by skill level for the initial stage where the development period and the three stages of maturity, and the corresponding limit of the scope of its market, prices of cars have also been limited access.
“Rules” attached to the “new phase of automotive technology division of the energy table (December 31, 2010 applies)” will use nickel-metal hydride IBM ThinkPad T40 Battery and lead-acid battery hybrid passenger cars included in the mature stage. To lithium-ion batteries for hybrid-powered passenger cars, commercial vehicles and pure electric vehicles, is included in the development phase. Product development period to allow for mass production, but only approved the use of regional sales, and at least 20% of the products for real-time monitoring of running status; mature products and the same conventional automotive products can be used at the national sales. This means that in December 31, 2010, the assembly of hybrid lithium batteries and electric vehicles will be limited to sales territories.
From the planning to see the future in the new energy automotive focus on the development of lithium IBM Laptop Battery is the direction, but in the “planning” done a clear limit. In other words, to be Buffett’s bullish market has been the lost electric cars lithium battery Ni-MH battery in the hands of a hybrid! Ni-MH battery is really the future you will be able to be popular? For a time, become the focus of gossip to discuss.
Status:
According to the consultants for new energy sources, LI Sheng-mao auto industry researcher pointed out that the current driving force of new energy automobiles automotive lithium batteries have been the most promising development prospects, but the Department of Public Works this letter is not conducive to the development of a standard lithium cell vehicles across the country to promote universal and further said that this might be China’s new energy constraints of the overall development of the automobile industry.
Department of Public Works letter was optimistic about the nickel-metal hydride y9943, dell inspiron 630m battery itself has a certain degree of short-board. China Electrotechnical Society dedicated electric vehicles, director of technical service center Commission Tianshun Wang also said that while China was rich in hydrogen storage materials, but the extraction technology is not high, poor Laptop Battery consistency, technical problems, there has been no breakthrough, but the cost of nickel-hydrogen batteries have been home high.
Development:
Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries in the battery market continues to occupy a large share of China’s annual output of nickel-metal hydride batteries has been growing steadily. 2006 Ni-MH battery production in China more than 960 million in 2007 to continue to produce more than 15% of the rate of growth, reaching about 1.1 billion. In the “rules” have been restricted since the lithium-ion dell inspiron 640m battery by Sony in 1992 since the industrialization, the global lithium-ion battery market to dominate the world from Japan. The year 2000, the Japanese lithium-ion Fujitsu FPCBP95 Battery production in the world accounting for more than 95% of the total output. In 2003, China’s battery production reached 26.2 billion, accounting for about half of global output over the battery, the Chinese have been manufacturing power and batteries to name but a few, the current battery production and exports are the highest in the world.
If the electric vehicle automotive oil after use of the mainstream, then the electric vehicle with lithium-ion batteries will certainly be popular, and in-depth aspects of lithium batteries R & D and investment in the future of the enterprise will become the giant auto parts industry, and may even change the world the pattern of auto parts suppliers. In recent years, the production of automotive lithium Fujitsu FPCBP63 Battery are not businesses in the global list of hundred auto parts, auto parts enterprises existing hundred only Bosch, the mainland group, Magna, Johnson Controls, Hitachi (automotive business ), such as lithium dell inspiron e1405 battery also attempt to occupy the leading position in the field, and most of the way through joint ventures or acquisitions to achieve the unfamiliar, but the huge market potential for control.
Trends:
For lack of independence, the core technology of automotive components in China, the hybrid / electric vehicle Fujitsu FPCBP68 Battery and electrical system, it is China-related enterprises have become the world’s leading providers of an important opportunity. In this regard, the Chinese enterprises and overseas there is no gap between the core technology components are now so large, nor abroad many years earlier than China. Coupled with the cost advantage of China itself, as well as in electric bicycle dell xps m140 battery(especially lithium batteries) has accumulated experience in China is entirely possible in the hybrid / electric vehicles using lithium Fujitsu FPCBP77 Battery to produce high value products and the possibility of occupying the most high-end technology.
Comment: Regardless of the development period or the maturity of the lithium battery of nickel-metal hydride batteries, new energy sources will be the protagonist of the vehicle’s power, perhaps the outcome of their energy from the new direction of development of motor vehicles to find the Fujitsu FPCBP80 Battery answers.
“Rules” attached to the “new phase of automotive technology division of the energy table (December 31, 2010 applies)” will use nickel-metal hydride IBM ThinkPad T40 Battery and lead-acid battery hybrid passenger cars included in the mature stage. To lithium-ion batteries for hybrid-powered passenger cars, commercial vehicles and pure electric vehicles, is included in the development phase. Product development period to allow for mass production, but only approved the use of regional sales, and at least 20% of the products for real-time monitoring of running status; mature products and the same conventional automotive products can be used at the national sales. This means that in December 31, 2010, the assembly of hybrid lithium batteries and electric vehicles will be limited to sales territories.
From the planning to see the future in the new energy automotive focus on the development of lithium IBM Laptop Battery is the direction, but in the “planning” done a clear limit. In other words, to be Buffett’s bullish market has been the lost electric cars lithium battery Ni-MH battery in the hands of a hybrid! Ni-MH battery is really the future you will be able to be popular? For a time, become the focus of gossip to discuss.
Status:
According to the consultants for new energy sources, LI Sheng-mao auto industry researcher pointed out that the current driving force of new energy automobiles automotive lithium batteries have been the most promising development prospects, but the Department of Public Works this letter is not conducive to the development of a standard lithium cell vehicles across the country to promote universal and further said that this might be China’s new energy constraints of the overall development of the automobile industry.
Department of Public Works letter was optimistic about the nickel-metal hydride y9943, dell inspiron 630m battery itself has a certain degree of short-board. China Electrotechnical Society dedicated electric vehicles, director of technical service center Commission Tianshun Wang also said that while China was rich in hydrogen storage materials, but the extraction technology is not high, poor Laptop Battery consistency, technical problems, there has been no breakthrough, but the cost of nickel-hydrogen batteries have been home high.
Development:
Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries in the battery market continues to occupy a large share of China’s annual output of nickel-metal hydride batteries has been growing steadily. 2006 Ni-MH battery production in China more than 960 million in 2007 to continue to produce more than 15% of the rate of growth, reaching about 1.1 billion. In the “rules” have been restricted since the lithium-ion dell inspiron 640m battery by Sony in 1992 since the industrialization, the global lithium-ion battery market to dominate the world from Japan. The year 2000, the Japanese lithium-ion Fujitsu FPCBP95 Battery production in the world accounting for more than 95% of the total output. In 2003, China’s battery production reached 26.2 billion, accounting for about half of global output over the battery, the Chinese have been manufacturing power and batteries to name but a few, the current battery production and exports are the highest in the world.
If the electric vehicle automotive oil after use of the mainstream, then the electric vehicle with lithium-ion batteries will certainly be popular, and in-depth aspects of lithium batteries R & D and investment in the future of the enterprise will become the giant auto parts industry, and may even change the world the pattern of auto parts suppliers. In recent years, the production of automotive lithium Fujitsu FPCBP63 Battery are not businesses in the global list of hundred auto parts, auto parts enterprises existing hundred only Bosch, the mainland group, Magna, Johnson Controls, Hitachi (automotive business ), such as lithium dell inspiron e1405 battery also attempt to occupy the leading position in the field, and most of the way through joint ventures or acquisitions to achieve the unfamiliar, but the huge market potential for control.
Trends:
For lack of independence, the core technology of automotive components in China, the hybrid / electric vehicle Fujitsu FPCBP68 Battery and electrical system, it is China-related enterprises have become the world’s leading providers of an important opportunity. In this regard, the Chinese enterprises and overseas there is no gap between the core technology components are now so large, nor abroad many years earlier than China. Coupled with the cost advantage of China itself, as well as in electric bicycle dell xps m140 battery(especially lithium batteries) has accumulated experience in China is entirely possible in the hybrid / electric vehicles using lithium Fujitsu FPCBP77 Battery to produce high value products and the possibility of occupying the most high-end technology.
Comment: Regardless of the development period or the maturity of the lithium battery of nickel-metal hydride batteries, new energy sources will be the protagonist of the vehicle’s power, perhaps the outcome of their energy from the new direction of development of motor vehicles to find the Fujitsu FPCBP80 Battery answers.
Battery Tender Plus
This time of year, most IBM Laptop Battery enthusiasts have put their summer toys away for the winter. Bikes, boats, RV’s and classic cars are all hunkered down for a long winter sleep, awaiting a spring awakening. One common element amongst all these playthings is the battery. A battery is a series of galvanic (voltaic) cells used for the production and storage of electricity. Batteries don’t last forever - their lifetimes are measured in cycles, or how many times they can be discharged and recharged. Maintaining the Laptop Battery and using the proper charger will dramatically increase its life, and when spring arrives you won’t have the click-click blues.
Deltran Corporation in Deland Florida, have been building and designing battery chargers for over 41 years. They have an extensive array of products from six-volt golf cart chargers, waterproof chargers for boat use and multi-bank style for charging up to four batteries at once. They recently sent me a Battery Tender Plus 12-volt for an evaluation.
In the package was the IBM ThinkPad R51 Battery Tender Plus, two quick connect harnesses, one with conventional clamps and one that can be permanently installed in your vehicle. Both harnesses come equipped with automotive type fuses for protection. These are good quality, heavy gauge copper components. The apple a1008 battery,apple a1012 battery Tender has diagnostic green and red lights that monitor every step of the charging process.
It first does an initialization: verifies appropriate battery voltage and ensures good electrical continuity between the charger and the battery. Secondly, it does a bulk charge to 80 per cent of full charge, it then does an absorption charge which conditions the battery and finally it goes into a float/maintenance mode. The unit also has temperature compensation which increases the output voltage in cold IBM ThinkPad R50 Battery climates.
Most automatic battery chargers turn off when apple a1022 battery,apple a1039 battery voltage rises or the charge current falls to a pre-set level. Then after a period of time the charger will turn on and recharge the battery. This type of cycling will reduce battery life. The Battery Tender Plus does not turn off. It automatically switches to a safe float voltage level that keeps the battery charged and yet does not do any harm to the IBM ThinkPad T43 Battery or cause any reduction in its useful life.
The battery in my sports car (1966 MGB) is located in a very awkward spot, making removing the battery for winter storage a real hassle. I installed the quick connect harness in a convenient spot and hooked up the charger. In a matter of a few hours the unit brought the voltage up and switched over to float mode. It can be left hooked up indefinitely with no harm to the charger or battery.
Next I hooked it up to my deep cycle RV IBM ThinkPad T42 Battery. It hadn’t been charged for a few months and had only ten volts left in it. It took the Battery Tender about six hours to fully charge and be ready to go.
This unit also works well for your daily driver, especially if it hasn’t been driven for a few days or weeks.
This is one of the smartest chargers available — good quality, well built and it comes with a 10 year warranty. The cost of the unit ($64.95 US) will quickly be saved by extending the life cycle of your IBM ThinkPad T41 Battery.
Deltran Corporation in Deland Florida, have been building and designing battery chargers for over 41 years. They have an extensive array of products from six-volt golf cart chargers, waterproof chargers for boat use and multi-bank style for charging up to four batteries at once. They recently sent me a Battery Tender Plus 12-volt for an evaluation.
In the package was the IBM ThinkPad R51 Battery Tender Plus, two quick connect harnesses, one with conventional clamps and one that can be permanently installed in your vehicle. Both harnesses come equipped with automotive type fuses for protection. These are good quality, heavy gauge copper components. The apple a1008 battery,apple a1012 battery Tender has diagnostic green and red lights that monitor every step of the charging process.
It first does an initialization: verifies appropriate battery voltage and ensures good electrical continuity between the charger and the battery. Secondly, it does a bulk charge to 80 per cent of full charge, it then does an absorption charge which conditions the battery and finally it goes into a float/maintenance mode. The unit also has temperature compensation which increases the output voltage in cold IBM ThinkPad R50 Battery climates.
Most automatic battery chargers turn off when apple a1022 battery,apple a1039 battery voltage rises or the charge current falls to a pre-set level. Then after a period of time the charger will turn on and recharge the battery. This type of cycling will reduce battery life. The Battery Tender Plus does not turn off. It automatically switches to a safe float voltage level that keeps the battery charged and yet does not do any harm to the IBM ThinkPad T43 Battery or cause any reduction in its useful life.
The battery in my sports car (1966 MGB) is located in a very awkward spot, making removing the battery for winter storage a real hassle. I installed the quick connect harness in a convenient spot and hooked up the charger. In a matter of a few hours the unit brought the voltage up and switched over to float mode. It can be left hooked up indefinitely with no harm to the charger or battery.
Next I hooked it up to my deep cycle RV IBM ThinkPad T42 Battery. It hadn’t been charged for a few months and had only ten volts left in it. It took the Battery Tender about six hours to fully charge and be ready to go.
This unit also works well for your daily driver, especially if it hasn’t been driven for a few days or weeks.
This is one of the smartest chargers available — good quality, well built and it comes with a 10 year warranty. The cost of the unit ($64.95 US) will quickly be saved by extending the life cycle of your IBM ThinkPad T41 Battery.
10/29/09
Single cell of a series of problems caused by inconsistent
Single cell of a series of problems caused by inconsistent
As indicated above, single cell voltage of 3.2V nominal resistance of 10mΩ, capacity of 10Ah, the figure shows the constant current charging phase, in which the internal resistance of the IBM Laptop Battery instead of AC resistance to DC resistance.
In an ideal state, is consistent between two monomers, then through the basic circuit operation can be attached to all of the battery voltage is: 3.2V +0.01 Ω × 2A = 3.22V, so there was no problem.
The actual production of batteries, the actual voltage of each DELL 08K8194 Battery has certain differences, there is a certain gap between the internal resistance in the battery charge power of 10% -90% battery state of charge and open circuit voltage of dc resistance changes in the value of the general is not will not produce any considerable change in the circuit between the battery voltage monomer more balanced. The most obvious changes in various parameters of the battery is charging late (SOC90% above) and the discharge end (SOC less than 10%), the IBM 92P1087 Battery voltage and DC resistance of significant changes will occur, and the different types of batteries are not the same magnitude of changes, which directly the expansion of the difference between the batteries, the voltage distribution is more uneven, and this uneven phenomenon in the early process of using the battery pack is not very clear, with the increase of cycles, the difference in the expansion, for instance, the first expanded to a battery internal resistance 30mΩ, such resistance is not within the relatively large numbers, but the battery voltage is more than other batteries out of 0.04V.
In the actual process of using single IBM 92P1089 Battery capacity gaps on the battery life impact is enormous, because the battery state of charge and internal resistance is most directly related to the process of charging, the other batteries are filled to 90% and a capacity of batteries is less than other batteries some, so that it can achieve the SOC is 95%, I look at a thin single charge and discharge curve, take a look at 90% and 95% in the end how much difference between the voltage:
This is a half-cell of the curve 0.15C, the actual batteries is much more than this to be ugly, especially in the late charge, the IBM 92P1101 Battery capacity of the differences between the minor differences can lead to the battery voltage of the huge differences between two monomers, when the capacity of the smallest full power to charge batteries when the cut-off voltage the resistance is much greater than other batteries (other batteries not fully charged), then we must stop constant current charging, otherwise it will overshoot, there should then be turned to constant voltage float into the state, but as long as there is current through the capacity of the battery voltage must be smaller than the other cells to be, thus can not continue to charge, so the capacity of the IBM 08K8192 Battery only in accordance with the smallest capacity batteries to determine.
There are the smallest capacity batteries discharge when the batteries are always the first to reach than other cut-off voltage, internal resistance than other batteries in turn lead to large voltage drop, creating a vicious circle! Therefore, the performance of the battery than the batteries that the worst is worse.
There are worse things are often the lowest-capacity IBM 08K8193 Battery during charging and discharging batteries would certainly be other burdens are heavy, he has to 0-100% charge and discharge cycles, while the other batteries are relatively light red light is put, we know that the work of high load will shorten the battery life significantly, when the capacity of the smallest battery performance up to a certain critical point, its performance will be showed a sharp decline and then an avalanche-type failure, the entire battery pack batteries due to the failure of the Overall scrap!
Even before assembly in the battery pack is very strictly limited to the capacity of matching IBM 08K8195 Battery and DC resistance, there is a problem is the consistency of charge and discharge curves, the battery is the work of the current series is the same, if the charge-discharge curves of a relatively large differences (including different magnification under the voltage plateau, the curve inflection point, etc.), the two ends of the battery voltage will be very different, although the short-term use of almost no impact, but the cumulative effect of long-term will make a good bad IBM 08K8214 Battery. In particular, under magnification at the same voltage - capacity curve of consistency, also called in a different magnification especially high magnification under the curve must also have a better consistency.
Therefore, to assemble a safe, durable and a good battery pack, the selection of matched pairs of batteries made a very high demand, while the battery pack for security reasons outside the control must be increased access circuit, to detect abnormal voltage of the monomer.
Battery requirement for consistency with the series is proportional to the number of IBM 92P1060 Battery, 36V or 48V battery voltage is easier to achieve a certain degree of consistency, but in electric vehicles, then, how have to have more than 180V DC voltage to drive motor in order to have better motivation and higher current efficiency, so it will require more than 56 cells in series, so much the probability of failure of the battery even higher.
On the one hand the use of high-voltage battery packs require a very high consistency of the battery, on the other manufacturing lithium-ion battery has many complex process steps, resulting in consistency is very difficult to control, this contradiction is constraining the development of lithium-ion battery power important one of the factors - not a long IBM FRU 08K8193 Battery life, rather than single cell itself impossible.
As indicated above, single cell voltage of 3.2V nominal resistance of 10mΩ, capacity of 10Ah, the figure shows the constant current charging phase, in which the internal resistance of the IBM Laptop Battery instead of AC resistance to DC resistance.
In an ideal state, is consistent between two monomers, then through the basic circuit operation can be attached to all of the battery voltage is: 3.2V +0.01 Ω × 2A = 3.22V, so there was no problem.
The actual production of batteries, the actual voltage of each DELL 08K8194 Battery has certain differences, there is a certain gap between the internal resistance in the battery charge power of 10% -90% battery state of charge and open circuit voltage of dc resistance changes in the value of the general is not will not produce any considerable change in the circuit between the battery voltage monomer more balanced. The most obvious changes in various parameters of the battery is charging late (SOC90% above) and the discharge end (SOC less than 10%), the IBM 92P1087 Battery voltage and DC resistance of significant changes will occur, and the different types of batteries are not the same magnitude of changes, which directly the expansion of the difference between the batteries, the voltage distribution is more uneven, and this uneven phenomenon in the early process of using the battery pack is not very clear, with the increase of cycles, the difference in the expansion, for instance, the first expanded to a battery internal resistance 30mΩ, such resistance is not within the relatively large numbers, but the battery voltage is more than other batteries out of 0.04V.
In the actual process of using single IBM 92P1089 Battery capacity gaps on the battery life impact is enormous, because the battery state of charge and internal resistance is most directly related to the process of charging, the other batteries are filled to 90% and a capacity of batteries is less than other batteries some, so that it can achieve the SOC is 95%, I look at a thin single charge and discharge curve, take a look at 90% and 95% in the end how much difference between the voltage:
This is a half-cell of the curve 0.15C, the actual batteries is much more than this to be ugly, especially in the late charge, the IBM 92P1101 Battery capacity of the differences between the minor differences can lead to the battery voltage of the huge differences between two monomers, when the capacity of the smallest full power to charge batteries when the cut-off voltage the resistance is much greater than other batteries (other batteries not fully charged), then we must stop constant current charging, otherwise it will overshoot, there should then be turned to constant voltage float into the state, but as long as there is current through the capacity of the battery voltage must be smaller than the other cells to be, thus can not continue to charge, so the capacity of the IBM 08K8192 Battery only in accordance with the smallest capacity batteries to determine.
There are the smallest capacity batteries discharge when the batteries are always the first to reach than other cut-off voltage, internal resistance than other batteries in turn lead to large voltage drop, creating a vicious circle! Therefore, the performance of the battery than the batteries that the worst is worse.
There are worse things are often the lowest-capacity IBM 08K8193 Battery during charging and discharging batteries would certainly be other burdens are heavy, he has to 0-100% charge and discharge cycles, while the other batteries are relatively light red light is put, we know that the work of high load will shorten the battery life significantly, when the capacity of the smallest battery performance up to a certain critical point, its performance will be showed a sharp decline and then an avalanche-type failure, the entire battery pack batteries due to the failure of the Overall scrap!
Even before assembly in the battery pack is very strictly limited to the capacity of matching IBM 08K8195 Battery and DC resistance, there is a problem is the consistency of charge and discharge curves, the battery is the work of the current series is the same, if the charge-discharge curves of a relatively large differences (including different magnification under the voltage plateau, the curve inflection point, etc.), the two ends of the battery voltage will be very different, although the short-term use of almost no impact, but the cumulative effect of long-term will make a good bad IBM 08K8214 Battery. In particular, under magnification at the same voltage - capacity curve of consistency, also called in a different magnification especially high magnification under the curve must also have a better consistency.
Therefore, to assemble a safe, durable and a good battery pack, the selection of matched pairs of batteries made a very high demand, while the battery pack for security reasons outside the control must be increased access circuit, to detect abnormal voltage of the monomer.
Battery requirement for consistency with the series is proportional to the number of IBM 92P1060 Battery, 36V or 48V battery voltage is easier to achieve a certain degree of consistency, but in electric vehicles, then, how have to have more than 180V DC voltage to drive motor in order to have better motivation and higher current efficiency, so it will require more than 56 cells in series, so much the probability of failure of the battery even higher.
On the one hand the use of high-voltage battery packs require a very high consistency of the battery, on the other manufacturing lithium-ion battery has many complex process steps, resulting in consistency is very difficult to control, this contradiction is constraining the development of lithium-ion battery power important one of the factors - not a long IBM FRU 08K8193 Battery life, rather than single cell itself impossible.
laptop Battery Knowledge
laptop Battery Knowledge
With regard to the memory effect: Ni-MH IBM 02K6928 Battery also has memory effect, but no significant nickel-cadmium batteries, the memory effect of the most obvious is the lithium battery. Memory effect is not obvious means you can charge several times, or even every charge there should not be too exhausted to fight on the impact. Therefore, the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries are used, generally without regard to discharge and direct IBM Laptop Battery recharge.
Of course, from the perspective of extending life, in the charging and discharging about 30-50 times, you can do a deep discharge, in order to return to maximum capacity. Discharge does not mean that then a small light bulbs do not shine until you can, because doing so often over-discharge, damage the battery. We all know that a nickel-metal hydride Laptop Battery rated voltage is at 1.2V, the time has just filled with electricity is actually more than this value, and is generally between 1.4-1.5V. With the use of, the voltage will gradually decrease, in general, the use of occasions, when the voltage drops below 1V, the on basic can not be used, for example, WALKMAN, CD DISKMAN, MD, MP3, DC and so on. You can test your "electric run out" of the battery voltage is. However, if the use of the occasion is a low-voltage, low current discharge will continue to use.
We are talking about generally refers to the depth of discharge voltage drops to between 0.85V-0.9V. Through low-voltage, low current discharge, to achieve this value when the nickel-metal hydride IBM ThinkPad R32 Battery (including Ni-Cd) can be restored to maximum capacity, to extend the service life. However, if it continues to discharge below 0.8V when the battery is likely to result in irreversible damage, but affect the battery life. Similarly, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries are not recommended for remote control device like a small electrical current. Battery deep discharge better way is to buy a discharge function of a special charger or discharger. The most simple solution is to use these bulbs methods, but must always use the table read voltage value, once the danger zone stopped immediately. If it is in series, then simply multiplied by the IBM ThinkPad R40 Battery voltage value above the number on it.
Let me now do not have the battery on long-term conservation and restoration methods. Note that due to nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery characteristics because of their different preservation methods are also different. Nickel-cadmium batteries is to run out to save electricity, so we bought before the new nickel-cadmium batteries is a basic no electricity and need to reset their own. In general, use the correct charging method takes about 3-5 times in order to charge the battery discharge back to top condition. The nickel-metal hydride batteries to long-term preservation, it should be charged to 80% (which we all should be counted), and then save. That is why now buy a new nickel-metal IBM 92P1075 Battery power came back somewhat the reason why manufacturers have pre-charge, to prevent the transport cycle time too long, while the battery is affected. Long-term preservation of the nickel-metal hydride batteries, when I first power run out, and then the right way to charge-discharge 2-3 times it can be restored to the best of. Let me say on the charging issue. In fact, the most difficult to master is the correct charge. Charge from the charge current to points, a fast charge and slow charge difference. From the charging point of view, there is constant current IBM 08K8197 Battery charging and pulse charging the difference. Many people have asked this question, what is good or slow filling fast charge better. Then we first take a look at what is too fast or slow charge and what is sufficient. With a nominal capacity of the battery 1C, the 0.1-0.2C charge current is slow charge,> 0.2C for the fast-charge,> 0.8C for ultra-fast charging, <= 0.05C other hand, is trickle charge . With a 1400MAH Ni-MH battery, for example, the charge current between the 140MA-280MA for the slow charge, while the same 280MA charging current, battery 700MAH for a while is a fast charge. Thus, fast charge or slow charge is a relative concept, and the capacity of the IBM 08K8198 Battery itself has great relevance.
And then return to the previous question, what is good or fast slow good? In fact there's no fixed answer. Many people think that slow is good, that will hurt the battery charge faster. Fast charge will hurt the battery Mody? The answer is yes, but not because a lot of people think the "high current charging damage the battery." High-current is at best an accomplice, the real reason is that fever, due to high current caused by fever. Too high a temperature for a great impact on battery life. So large current is not so terrible headache is how to solve the heating problems. Here, it is necessary to introduce constant current charging and pulse charging concept. The slow filling, it is basically all of the chargers have adopted the constant current charging method, this circuit design is relatively simple, easy to implement. And because the charge current in the slow range and do not cause the IBM 08K8199 Battery overheating problems. By using fast-charge current issues, re-use constant current mode, no doubt can not avoid the battery overheating issue, so constant of the method was abandoned. Instead, the pulse mode can be seen from the waveform on the charge current output is not linear, but the sine wave. Peak, the current maximum, and then immediately into the trough, almost no current. This design is intended to allow the battery to have a recovery time, thus reducing the heat generated by high current, so that the battery heat control at an acceptable level. Now on the market to see rapid charger hundred yuan basically have adopted this approach. And such charger also used to determine the slope of the voltage delta to determine law or laws to determine whether the battery is full, once filled automatically turn to trickle charge, so as to avoid large current over time damage the IBM 92P1073 Battery. Well-known example is the comparison between netizens recommended fresh cattle KN5060 charger. The Chargers are in major electronics market, the basic rooms in the 65-70 win, is not very fine workmanship, but the result was good, belongs to a very high price products. Pulse mode to produce fast-charger is a good solution, but for some abnormal requirements, such as 1 hour quick charger, this time to adopt the ultra high-speed greater than 1C charge current to carry out charging, pulse method on insufficient. Is now used internationally are basically depolarization pulse method plus an integrated fashion.
Simply put, that is, based on the pulse method, when a sine wave in the upper half is completed, insert a short negative voltage of the cosine wave, to offset the excessive large amount of heat generated by the current (depolarization), thus the IBM 92P1077 Battery heat under control. This approach generally only in more specialized chargers, such as model aircraft used by the professional players use the charger. Such chargers are often can be done with the 2C-3C of the current on the battery charge time. Said these methods, from the perspective of battery life, slow constant-current charge is undoubtedly the best way to ensure battery life. However, time is money point of view, rapid charger savings benefits of the time, IBM 92P1102 Battery life than the damage the loss of about 10% larger. This is why fast-charger is very popular. Finally talk about chewing gum battery. Many MP3 players on the MD player that you do not make use of chewing gum batteries do otherwise, we were both playing time, how can so much worse. This idea is wrong, chewing gum battery is only a form of battery, in essence, remains a nickel-metal hydride batteries. In other words, a 1350MAH battery and one of the chewing gum on the 5th of 1350MAH Ni-MH battery playback is the same, no difference. In fact 5 nickel-metal hydride batteries have emerged 1800MAH capacity, far more than chewing gum battery. Gum battery production, is to do as far as possible the thin Walkman devices, on the 5th battery specifications do not thin, but 7 also sets the battery capacity of the small size, so small Japanese brought up this way, not because the gum battery capacity is particularly great. And the gum where there are nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium difference between the early gum nickel-cadmium IBM 08K8196 Battery but only 600MAH, not now on the 7th largest 750MAH Ni-MH battery.
With regard to the memory effect: Ni-MH IBM 02K6928 Battery also has memory effect, but no significant nickel-cadmium batteries, the memory effect of the most obvious is the lithium battery. Memory effect is not obvious means you can charge several times, or even every charge there should not be too exhausted to fight on the impact. Therefore, the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries are used, generally without regard to discharge and direct IBM Laptop Battery recharge.
Of course, from the perspective of extending life, in the charging and discharging about 30-50 times, you can do a deep discharge, in order to return to maximum capacity. Discharge does not mean that then a small light bulbs do not shine until you can, because doing so often over-discharge, damage the battery. We all know that a nickel-metal hydride Laptop Battery rated voltage is at 1.2V, the time has just filled with electricity is actually more than this value, and is generally between 1.4-1.5V. With the use of, the voltage will gradually decrease, in general, the use of occasions, when the voltage drops below 1V, the on basic can not be used, for example, WALKMAN, CD DISKMAN, MD, MP3, DC and so on. You can test your "electric run out" of the battery voltage is. However, if the use of the occasion is a low-voltage, low current discharge will continue to use.
We are talking about generally refers to the depth of discharge voltage drops to between 0.85V-0.9V. Through low-voltage, low current discharge, to achieve this value when the nickel-metal hydride IBM ThinkPad R32 Battery (including Ni-Cd) can be restored to maximum capacity, to extend the service life. However, if it continues to discharge below 0.8V when the battery is likely to result in irreversible damage, but affect the battery life. Similarly, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries are not recommended for remote control device like a small electrical current. Battery deep discharge better way is to buy a discharge function of a special charger or discharger. The most simple solution is to use these bulbs methods, but must always use the table read voltage value, once the danger zone stopped immediately. If it is in series, then simply multiplied by the IBM ThinkPad R40 Battery voltage value above the number on it.
Let me now do not have the battery on long-term conservation and restoration methods. Note that due to nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery characteristics because of their different preservation methods are also different. Nickel-cadmium batteries is to run out to save electricity, so we bought before the new nickel-cadmium batteries is a basic no electricity and need to reset their own. In general, use the correct charging method takes about 3-5 times in order to charge the battery discharge back to top condition. The nickel-metal hydride batteries to long-term preservation, it should be charged to 80% (which we all should be counted), and then save. That is why now buy a new nickel-metal IBM 92P1075 Battery power came back somewhat the reason why manufacturers have pre-charge, to prevent the transport cycle time too long, while the battery is affected. Long-term preservation of the nickel-metal hydride batteries, when I first power run out, and then the right way to charge-discharge 2-3 times it can be restored to the best of. Let me say on the charging issue. In fact, the most difficult to master is the correct charge. Charge from the charge current to points, a fast charge and slow charge difference. From the charging point of view, there is constant current IBM 08K8197 Battery charging and pulse charging the difference. Many people have asked this question, what is good or slow filling fast charge better. Then we first take a look at what is too fast or slow charge and what is sufficient. With a nominal capacity of the battery 1C, the 0.1-0.2C charge current is slow charge,> 0.2C for the fast-charge,> 0.8C for ultra-fast charging, <= 0.05C other hand, is trickle charge . With a 1400MAH Ni-MH battery, for example, the charge current between the 140MA-280MA for the slow charge, while the same 280MA charging current, battery 700MAH for a while is a fast charge. Thus, fast charge or slow charge is a relative concept, and the capacity of the IBM 08K8198 Battery itself has great relevance.
And then return to the previous question, what is good or fast slow good? In fact there's no fixed answer. Many people think that slow is good, that will hurt the battery charge faster. Fast charge will hurt the battery Mody? The answer is yes, but not because a lot of people think the "high current charging damage the battery." High-current is at best an accomplice, the real reason is that fever, due to high current caused by fever. Too high a temperature for a great impact on battery life. So large current is not so terrible headache is how to solve the heating problems. Here, it is necessary to introduce constant current charging and pulse charging concept. The slow filling, it is basically all of the chargers have adopted the constant current charging method, this circuit design is relatively simple, easy to implement. And because the charge current in the slow range and do not cause the IBM 08K8199 Battery overheating problems. By using fast-charge current issues, re-use constant current mode, no doubt can not avoid the battery overheating issue, so constant of the method was abandoned. Instead, the pulse mode can be seen from the waveform on the charge current output is not linear, but the sine wave. Peak, the current maximum, and then immediately into the trough, almost no current. This design is intended to allow the battery to have a recovery time, thus reducing the heat generated by high current, so that the battery heat control at an acceptable level. Now on the market to see rapid charger hundred yuan basically have adopted this approach. And such charger also used to determine the slope of the voltage delta to determine law or laws to determine whether the battery is full, once filled automatically turn to trickle charge, so as to avoid large current over time damage the IBM 92P1073 Battery. Well-known example is the comparison between netizens recommended fresh cattle KN5060 charger. The Chargers are in major electronics market, the basic rooms in the 65-70 win, is not very fine workmanship, but the result was good, belongs to a very high price products. Pulse mode to produce fast-charger is a good solution, but for some abnormal requirements, such as 1 hour quick charger, this time to adopt the ultra high-speed greater than 1C charge current to carry out charging, pulse method on insufficient. Is now used internationally are basically depolarization pulse method plus an integrated fashion.
Simply put, that is, based on the pulse method, when a sine wave in the upper half is completed, insert a short negative voltage of the cosine wave, to offset the excessive large amount of heat generated by the current (depolarization), thus the IBM 92P1077 Battery heat under control. This approach generally only in more specialized chargers, such as model aircraft used by the professional players use the charger. Such chargers are often can be done with the 2C-3C of the current on the battery charge time. Said these methods, from the perspective of battery life, slow constant-current charge is undoubtedly the best way to ensure battery life. However, time is money point of view, rapid charger savings benefits of the time, IBM 92P1102 Battery life than the damage the loss of about 10% larger. This is why fast-charger is very popular. Finally talk about chewing gum battery. Many MP3 players on the MD player that you do not make use of chewing gum batteries do otherwise, we were both playing time, how can so much worse. This idea is wrong, chewing gum battery is only a form of battery, in essence, remains a nickel-metal hydride batteries. In other words, a 1350MAH battery and one of the chewing gum on the 5th of 1350MAH Ni-MH battery playback is the same, no difference. In fact 5 nickel-metal hydride batteries have emerged 1800MAH capacity, far more than chewing gum battery. Gum battery production, is to do as far as possible the thin Walkman devices, on the 5th battery specifications do not thin, but 7 also sets the battery capacity of the small size, so small Japanese brought up this way, not because the gum battery capacity is particularly great. And the gum where there are nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium difference between the early gum nickel-cadmium IBM 08K8196 Battery but only 600MAH, not now on the 7th largest 750MAH Ni-MH battery.
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